Ambientes virtuales y paquetes#

  • Última modificación: Mayo 14, 2022

Ambientes virtuales#

Permite crear y manejar ambientes virtuales para aislar la versión de python usada y las librerias.

$ python3 -m venv tutorial-env

$ pythone -m venv tutorial-env --python=python3.10

Activación en windows:

$ tutorial-env\Scripts\activate.bat

Activación en MacOS/Linux:

$ source tutorial-env/bin/activate

Desactivación

$ deactivate

Paquetes#

Una vez activo un ambiente virtual, se puede proceder a instalar los paquetes en el ambiente.

$ source tutorial-env/bin/activate
(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip install novas
Collecting novas
  Downloading novas-3.1.1.3.tar.gz (136kB)
Installing collected packages: novas
  Running setup.py install for novas
Successfully installed novas-3.1.1.3

(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip install requests==2.6.0
Collecting requests==2.6.0
  Using cached requests-2.6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: requests
Successfully installed requests-2.6.0

(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip install --upgrade requests
Collecting requests
Installing collected packages: requests
  Found existing installation: requests 2.6.0
    Uninstalling requests-2.6.0:
      Successfully uninstalled requests-2.6.0
Successfully installed requests-2.7.0

Use:

  • pip uninstall: para desinstalar un paquete

  • pip show: para mostra la información relacionada con un paquete:

---
Metadata-Version: 2.0
Name: requests
Version: 2.7.0
Summary: Python HTTP for Humans.
Home-page: http://python-requests.org
Author: Kenneth Reitz
Author-email: me@kennethreitz.com
License: Apache 2.0
Location: /Users/akuchling/envs/tutorial-env/lib/python3.4/site-packages

  • pip list: para mostrar los paquetes instalados

(tutorial-env) $ pip list
novas (3.1.1.3)
numpy (1.9.2)
pip (7.0.3)
requests (2.7.0)
setuptools (16.0)

  • pip freeze: para producir un listado de los paquetes instalados

(tutorial-env) $ pip freeze > requirements.txt
(tutorial-env) $ cat requirements.txt
novas==3.1.1.3
numpy==1.9.2
requests==2.7.0

(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip install -r requirements.txt
Collecting novas==3.1.1.3 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
  ...
Collecting numpy==1.9.2 (from -r requirements.txt (line 2))
  ...
Collecting requests==2.7.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 3))
  ...
Installing collected packages: novas, numpy, requests
  Running setup.py install for novas
Successfully installed novas-3.1.1.3 numpy-1.9.2 requests-2.7.0

VS Code#

En VScode, el ambiente se llama ‘.venv’ y está en la raiz del proyecto.