{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Algunas Estructuras de Datos\n",
    "\n",
    "* Para más ejemplos consultar [Introducción a la programación en Julia](https://introajulia.org/#chap10).\n",
    "* Para más comparaciones con Python [Julia for Pythonistas](https://colab.research.google.com/github/ageron/julia_notebooks/blob/master/Julia_for_Pythonistas.ipynb).\n",
    "\n",
    "|Julia|Python\n",
    "|-----|------\n",
    "|`np = pyimport(\"numpy\")` | `import numpy as np`\n",
    "|`using PyPlot` | `from pylab import *`\n",
    "|`1:10` | `range(1, 11)`\n",
    "|`1:2:10`<br />or<br />`range(1, 11, 2)` | `range(1, 11, 2)`\n",
    "|`1.2:0.5:10.3`<br />or<br />`range(1.2, 10.3, step=0.5)` | `np.arange(1.2, 10.3, 0.5)`\n",
    "|`range(1, 10, length=3)` | `np.linspace(1, 10, 3)`\n",
    "|`collect(1:5)`<br />or<br />`[i for i in 1:5]` | `list(range(1, 6))`<br />or<br />`[i for i in range(1, 6)]`\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Arreglos (similar a las listas de Python)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 67,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",
      "['d', 'e', 'f']\n",
      "t original ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']\n",
      "w copia ['a', 'x', 'y', 'd', 'e', 'f']\n",
      "s hace referencia al original ['a', 'W', 'H', 'd', 'e', 'f']\n",
      "t ha sido modificado mediante s ['a', 'W', 'H', 'd', 'e', 'f']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#Creamos un arreglo\n",
    "t = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'];\n",
    "\n",
    "println(t[1:4])\n",
    "println(t[4:end])\n",
    "\n",
    "#crea una copia del arreglo\n",
    "w = t[:]\n",
    "s = t\n",
    "println(\"t original \", t)\n",
    "w[2:3] = ['x', 'y'];\n",
    "println(\"w copia \", w)\n",
    "s[2:3] = ['W', 'H'];\n",
    "println(\"s hace referencia al original \", s)\n",
    "println(\"t ha sido modificado mediante s \", t)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Sintaxis de punto\n",
    "\n",
    "Para cada operador binario, por ejemplo *, existe un operador punto .* que define la operación * para cada elemento del arreglo. [3, 4, 5] * 2 no está definido, pero [3, 4, 5] .* 3 se define como [3 * 2, 4 * 2, 5 * 2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 74,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[9, 12, 15]\n",
      "[27, 64, 125]\n",
      "216\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "println([3, 4, 5] .* 3 )\n",
    "println([3, 4, 5] .^ 3 )\n",
    "println(sum([3, 4, 5] .^ 3))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 84,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[12, 9]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# El operador punto permite aplicar a cada elemento de la lista una\n",
    "# función específica\n",
    "println(sum.(\n",
    "        [\n",
    "            [3, 4, 5], \n",
    "            [1, 2, 3] .+ 1\n",
    "            ]\n",
    "    )\n",
    ")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 78,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[\"LORENA\", \"NATALIA\", \"LAURA\"]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "unas = uppercase.([\"lorena\", \"natalia\", \"laura\"]);\n",
    "println(unas)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 100,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3-element Array{Int64,1}:\n",
       "  3\n",
       "  8\n",
       " 15"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 100,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = [1, 2, 3]\n",
    "b = [3, 4, 5]\n",
    "a .* b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Diccionarios\n",
    "\n",
    "[Lectura Recomendada para más ejemplos](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introducing_Julia/Dictionaries_and_sets)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Dict{String,Any} with 3 entries:\n",
       "  \"edad\"   => 26\n",
       "  \"cursos\" => [\"Python\", \"Django\", \"Julia\"]\n",
       "  \"nombre\" => \"Natalia\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 53,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# En python diccionario = {'nombre' : 'Natalia', 'edad' : 26, 'cursos': ['Python','Django','Julia'] }\n",
    "\n",
    "diccionario = Dict(\"nombre\" => \"Natalia\", \"edad\" => 26, \"cursos\" => [\"Python\",\"Django\",\"Julia\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 61,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Dict{String,Any}(\"antioquia\" => 5,\"caldas\" => 5,\"supía\" => \"nunca\",\"bogotá\" => 2)\n",
      "\n",
      "¿Cuántas veces has estado en caldas? 5\n",
      "¿Cuántas veces has estado en supía? nunca\n",
      "¿Caldas pertenece a la lista de lugares? true\n",
      "¿Cartagena NO pertenece a la lista de lugares? true\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lugares = Dict(\"antioquia\" => 5, \"bogotá\" => 2, \n",
    "    \"caldas\" => 5, \"supía\" => \"nunca\")\n",
    "\n",
    "println(lugares, \"\\n\")\n",
    "println(\"¿Cuántas veces has estado en caldas? \", lugares[\"caldas\"])\n",
    "println(\"¿Cuántas veces has estado en supía? \", lugares[\"supía\"])\n",
    "println(\"¿Caldas pertenece a la lista de lugares? \", \"caldas\" ∈ keys(lugares))\n",
    "println(\"¿Cartagena NO pertenece a la lista de lugares? \", \"cartagena\" ∉ keys(lugares))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Dict{String,Integer}(\"medellín\" => 5,\"bello\" => 1,\"sabaneta\" => 8)\n",
      "5\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#Es posible definir el tipo de dato\n",
    "municipios = Dict{String,Integer}(\"bello\" => 1, \"medellín\" => 2, \n",
    "    \"sabaneta\" => 8, \"medellín\" => 5)\n",
    "\n",
    "println(municipios)\n",
    "println(municipios[\"medellín\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Dict{String,Integer}(\"medellín\" => 5,\"rionegro\" => 21,\"copacabana\" => 23,\"bello\" => 1,\"sabaneta\" => 8)\n",
      "\n",
      "Dict{String,Integer}(\"medellín\" => 5,\"copacabana\" => 23,\"bello\" => 1,\"sabaneta\" => 8)\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# agregar miembros \n",
    "municipios[\"copacabana\"] = 23\n",
    "municipios[\"rionegro\"] = 21\n",
    "println(municipios, \"\\n\")\n",
    "\n",
    "#Eliminar miembros\n",
    "delete!(municipios, \"rionegro\")\n",
    "println(municipios, \"\\n\")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "El seno de 90 grados es 1.0\n",
      "El seno de 45 grados es 0.7071067811865476\n",
      "El seno de 32 grados es nothing\n",
      "\n",
      "Dict(\"320\" => -0.6427876096865394,\"65\" => 0.9063077870366499,\"155\" => 0.42261826174069944,\"335\" => -0.42261826174069944,\"75\" => 0.9659258262890683,\"50\" => 0.766044443118978,\"190\" => -0.17364817766693036,\"270\" => -1.0,\"290\" => -0.9396926207859084,\"115\" => 0.9063077870366499,\"340\" => -0.3420201433256687,\"10\" => 0.17364817766693036,\"250\" => -0.9396926207859084,\"120\" => 0.8660254037844386,\"230\" => -0.766044443118978,\"265\" => -0.9961946980917455,\"215\" => -0.573576436351046,\"305\" => -0.8191520442889918,\"255\" => -0.9659258262890683,\"25\" => 0.42261826174069944,\"160\" => 0.3420201433256687,\"275\" => -0.9961946980917455,\"5\" => 0.08715574274765818,\"280\" => -0.984807753012208,\"90\" => 1.0,\"175\" => 0.08715574274765818,\"225\" => -0.7071067811865476,\"205\" => -0.42261826174069944,\"195\" => -0.25881904510252074,\"315\" => -0.7071067811865476,\"150\" => 0.5,\"55\" => 0.8191520442889918,\"330\" => -0.5,\"285\" => -0.9659258262890683,\"310\" => -0.766044443118978,\"245\" => -0.9063077870366499,\"350\" => -0.17364817766693036,\"20\" => 0.3420201433256687,\"325\" => -0.573576436351046,\"80\" => 0.984807753012208,\"360\" => 0.0,\"125\" => 0.8191520442889918,\"110\" => 0.9396926207859084,\"185\" => -0.08715574274765818,\"70\" => 0.9396926207859084,\"165\" => 0.25881904510252074,\"140\" => 0.6427876096865394,\"300\" => -0.8660254037844386,\"0\" => 0.0,\"200\" => -0.3420201433256687,\"60\" => 0.8660254037844386,\"345\" => -0.25881904510252074,\"235\" => -0.8191520442889918,\"130\" => 0.766044443118978,\"260\" => -0.984807753012208,\"220\" => -0.6427876096865394,\"210\" => -0.5,\"35\" => 0.573576436351046,\"240\" => -0.8660254037844386,\"15\" => 0.25881904510252074,\"100\" => 0.984807753012208,\"40\" => 0.6427876096865394,\"170\" => 0.17364817766693036,\"45\" => 0.7071067811865476,\"295\" => -0.9063077870366499,\"145\" => 0.573576436351046,\"95\" => 0.9961946980917455,\"85\" => 0.9961946980917455,\"180\" => 0.0,\"135\" => 0.7071067811865476,\"355\" => -0.08715574274765818,\"105\" => 0.9659258262890683,\"30\" => 0.5)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# sind calcula la fn seno con grados\n",
    "# \n",
    "seno = Dict(string(i) => sind(i) for i = 0:5:360)\n",
    "println(\"El seno de 90 grados es \", seno[\"90\"])\n",
    "println(\"El seno de 45 grados es \", get(seno, \"45\", 0))\n",
    "println(\"El seno de 32 grados es \", get(seno, \"32\", nothing), \"\\n\")\n",
    "\n",
    "println(seno)\n",
    "#for i = 0:5:360\n",
    "#    println(i) \n",
    "#end"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "El valor del simbolo z es: 1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Diccionario de Simbolos\n",
    "\n",
    "midiccionario = Dict(:x => 5, :y => 3, :z => 1)\n",
    "println(\"El valor del simbolo z es: \", midiccionario[:z])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Tuplas (Similar a Python)\n",
    "\n",
    "Estas son tipos de arreglo inmutables. Una vez creadas no es posible agregar o quitar elementos."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 96,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "(\"Medellín\", \"Envigado\", \"Sabaneta\", \"Caldas\", \"Barbosa\", \"Copacabana\", \"La Estrella\", \"Bello\", \"Itagüí\", \"Girardota\")\n",
      "(\"Envigado\", \"Sabaneta\", \"Caldas\", \"La Estrella\", \"Itagüí\")\n",
      "(32, 'a', \"venecia\", π)\n",
      "(\"Medellín\",)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "amva = \"Medellín\",\"Envigado\",\"Sabaneta\",\"Caldas\",\"Barbosa\",\"Copacabana\",\"La Estrella\", \"Bello\", \"Itagüí\", \"Girardota\"\n",
    "println(amva)\n",
    "\n",
    "#tambien se pueden usar paréntesis\n",
    "amvasur = (\"Envigado\",\"Sabaneta\",\"Caldas\",\"La Estrella\", \"Itagüí\",)\n",
    "println(amvasur)\n",
    "\n",
    "#se puede usar el constructor tuple\n",
    "mitupla = tuple(32, 'a', \"venecia\", pi)\n",
    "println(mitupla)\n",
    "\n",
    "#para crear una tupla con un solo elemento se debe incluir una coma al final\n",
    "capitalAntioquia = (\"Medellín\",)\n",
    "println(capitalAntioquia)"
   ]
  }
 ],
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